Reims Cathedral
Reims Cathedral, also known as Notre-Dame de Reims, is a Roman Catholic cathedral located in Reims, France. It is one of the most important Gothic cathedrals in the world, renowned for its architecture, historical significance, and as the traditional location for the coronation of French kings.
History
- Foundation: The first church on the site was built in the 4th century, where Saint Remi, the Bishop of Reims, baptized Clovis I, King of the Franks, in 496 or 498, marking the beginning of the French monarchy.
- Construction: The current cathedral was constructed from 1211 to 1345, with its most famous feature, the west front, being completed by the end of the 13th century. The cathedral was damaged by fire in 1481, but it was restored and maintained over the centuries.
- Coronations: From the coronation of Louis VIII in 1223 to that of Charles X in 1825, Reims Cathedral served as the coronation site for 25 French kings. The most famous coronation was that of Charles VII in 1429, attended by Joan of Arc.
- World War I and II: During World War I, the cathedral was hit by German bombardment in 1914, causing extensive damage. It was meticulously restored in the following decades. In World War II, it suffered minor damage, but was preserved from major destruction.
Architecture
- Style: The cathedral is a prime example of High Gothic architecture, characterized by its ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, and the vast expanses of stained glass.
- West Façade: The west façade is particularly renowned for its ornate sculpture, featuring over 2,300 figures, including the famous Smiling Angel (or Angel of the Annunciation).
- Stained Glass: Reims Cathedral contains some of the most extensive and beautiful collections of medieval stained glass in France. The Rose window in the north transept, added in the 13th century, is particularly notable.
- Mausoleums and Tombs: The cathedral houses the tombs of several archbishops and other notable figures, including the mausoleum of Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette, transferred from the Basilica of Saint-Denis during the French Revolution.
Significance
- UNESCO World Heritage Site: In 1991, Reims Cathedral was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognizing its outstanding universal value in terms of cultural heritage.
- Symbol of French Identity: Beyond its religious role, Reims Cathedral has become a symbol of French history and national identity, particularly through its association with the coronation of French kings.
Restoration Efforts
Over the years, there have been numerous restoration projects aimed at preserving the cathedral's historical and architectural integrity. The most notable include:
- Post-World War I restoration, where the damage from bombardment was repaired with great care.
- Ongoing maintenance and conservation efforts to address the effects of time, pollution, and previous damage.
Sources
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